Lasiocarpine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, it has acute cytotoxicity in human and hepatic cell lines.

GPRP acetate is fibrinogen-related peptides, which inhibit the interaction of fibrinogen with the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIbIIIa complex (GPIIbIIIa).

Malonic acid (propanedioic acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain. Malonic acid is found to be associated with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency which is an inborn error of metabolism.